yerty/guides
Tribunal data, outcome statistics, and practical guides to claims, judgments, and the litigation process — plus articles on common workplace disputes. Applies to England and Wales. Information only — not legal advice.
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Tribunal statistics, claims and litigation, unfair dismissal, discrimination, redundancy, pay, whistleblowing, and more.
91 articles
Practical, step-by-step guidance on preparing your employment tribunal case without a solicitor: disclosure, bundles, witness statements and cross-examination.
13 min read · 20 Sept 2026
employment tribunal advice · self-representation
A discrimination claim is decided in parts: protected basis, type of claim, allegations, the legal link, the employer's answer, time and remedy. What each part asks.
12 min read · 4 Sept 2026
how tribunals decide discrimination · burden of proof discrimination
A disability claim is decided in five parts: status, knowledge, type, allegations and remedy. What each part asks, what the tribunal looks at, and how to prepare.
14 min read · 4 Sept 2026
disability discrimination tribunal · disability status
How to raise a grievance at work: what to write, what your employer must do under the Acas Code, the 25% uplift, and why it never pauses a tribunal deadline.
11 min read · 2 Sept 2026
grievance procedure · how to raise a grievance
Told your grievance or tribunal claim is vexatious? What the term means, when it leads to strike-out or costs, and when it is only the other side's allegation.
9 min read · 2 Sept 2026
vexatious meaning · vexatious grievance
Your employer must give you a written statement of employment particulars on day one. What it must contain, and what you can do if it is missing or wrong.
8 min read · 2 Sept 2026
written statement of employment particulars · section 1 statement
Tribunal decisions are published free on a government register covering 133,000 cases. How to search it, how to read a judgment, and where it stops.
9 min read · 24 Aug 2026
how to find employment tribunal cases · employment tribunal decisions
A schedule of loss sets out the compensation you are claiming, line by line. What to include, net versus gross, and a full worked example.
12 min read · 24 Aug 2026
schedule of loss employment tribunal · schedule of loss
Tribunal compensation is built from your actual loss, not a tariff. Median awards by claim type, the April 2026 limits, and how to estimate a range.
10 min read · 24 Aug 2026
how much is my employment tribunal claim worth · employment tribunal compensation
Analysis of published tribunal decisions on late claims: how often extensions are granted, by how late the claim was, and which statutory test applied.
10 min read · 20 Aug 2026
employment tribunal · time limits
How often victimisation claims succeed, what they are worth, and why they are decided separately from the discrimination complaint that triggered them.
10 min read · 20 Aug 2026
victimisation tribunal data · victimisation
Punished for raising a discrimination complaint? Victimisation is a separate Equality Act claim. What it means and what the tribunal data shows.
11 min read · 20 Aug 2026
victimisation at work · victimisation
Real data on unfair dismissal payouts: median award £7,224 across 7,515 tribunal cases, how awards break down, and why the £123,543 cap rarely matters.
8 min read · 4 Aug 2026
unfair dismissal compensation · unfair dismissal payout
What tribunal claims really pay. Yerty analysed 22,000+ published awards: median £3,000, unfair dismissal £7,200, discrimination £11,000. See your claim type.
9 min read · 4 Aug 2026
average employment tribunal payout · employment tribunal awards
Key Employment Rights Act 2025 changes, what is already in force, and confirmed or announced dates for 2026 and 2027.
8 min read · 29 Jul 2026
employment rights act 2025 · employment law changes 2026
How tribunals assess misconduct dismissals under section 98(4), including belief, reasonable grounds, investigation and sanction.
7 min read · 29 Jul 2026
burchell test · misconduct dismissal
How benefit recoupment can hold back the prescribed element of an Employment Tribunal award and what to check if payment is short.
7 min read · 29 Jul 2026
employment tribunal recoupment · tribunal award not paid in full
What the Redundancy Payments Service may pay when an employer is insolvent, the caps, and what remains a claim in the insolvency.
8 min read · 29 Jul 2026
employer insolvent tribunal award · national insurance fund
Why published Employment Tribunal decisions are incomplete and how publication and denominator choices affect reported outcomes.
8 min read · 29 Jul 2026
employment tribunal data limitations · tribunal success rate
Ordinary unfair dismissal needs two years' service, falling to six months for dismissals from 1 January 2027. Plus the claims needing no minimum service.
8 min read · 29 Jul 2026
day one unfair dismissal rights · unfair dismissal qualifying period
What a preliminary hearing can cover under rule 52, the two most common kinds, when they are public, and what strike-out and deposit orders mean.
8 min read · 29 Jul 2026
employment tribunal preliminary hearing · preliminary hearing
A Polkey adjustment reduces the compensatory award where a fair dismissal might have happened anyway. How it works and how it differs from your conduct.
8 min read · 28 Jul 2026
polkey adjustment · polkey reduction
The Employment Rights Act 2025 is forecast to add 6,900 tribunal claims a year. MoJ data shows what the backlog did in 2025/26 without it.
9 min read · 28 Jul 2026
employment rights act backlog · employment rights act 2025
The difference between reading judgments and structuring them — and why it decides whether a tribunal statistic can be trusted.
9 min read · 3 Jul 2026
Intelligence Hub · Employment Tribunal · Benchmarking
Tribunal claims hit 11,857 in Q4 2025/26, up 58% year-on-year. What the record backlog, longer 36-week waits, and rising claims mean if you're bringing a case.
6 min read · 14 Jun 2026
employment tribunal · tribunal statistics
MoJ data for January to March 2026 (provisional): 11,857 single claims received, open caseload up 136% year-on-year, 36-week average waits, and how claims end.
12 min read · 14 Jun 2026
Quarterly Snapshot · Employment Tribunal · Statistics
1,771 working time and holiday pay claims were lodged in Q3 2025/26, up 79% year on year. See UK tribunal data on outcomes, success rates and time to resolve.
11 min read · 21 May 2026
working time directive · working time regulations
2,908 unauthorised deduction claims were lodged in Q3 2025/26, up 77% year on year. See UK tribunal data on outcomes, success rates and time to resolve.
10 min read · 20 May 2026
unauthorised deductions · wages act
Recording a meeting at work is not illegal in the UK, but it is generally treated as misconduct. Tribunals can admit covert recordings as evidence. Learn the rules, the risks, and what case law says.
8 min read · 7 Apr 2026
covert recording · recording meetings at work
There is no standalone right to disconnect in UK law yet. The Employment Rights Act 2025 does not include one. Learn what protections you already have and what is expected to change.
7 min read · 7 Apr 2026
right to disconnect · right to switch off
Many mental health conditions qualify as a disability under the Equality Act 2010. Learn the legal test, which conditions are covered, and your rights.
8 min read · 7 Apr 2026
mental health · disability
Every employment law change from April 2026: minimum wage up to £12.71, sick pay from day one, Fair Work Agency launched, paternity leave now a day-one right.
6 min read · 6 Apr 2026
employment law changes april 2026 · employment law changes 2026 · april 2026
From 6 April 2026, SSP starts on day one with no earnings limit. Rate is £123.25/week or 80% of earnings. Up to 1.3 million more workers now qualify.
5 min read · 6 Apr 2026
statutory sick pay entitlement and changes · statutory sick pay · SSP 2026
UK minimum wage rates from April 2026: £12.71 for workers 21+, £10.85 for 18-20, £8 for under-18s and apprentices. Who qualifies and what to do if underpaid.
6 min read · 3 Apr 2026
minimum wage rates and entitlement · minimum wage · national living wage
A protected conversation lets your employer propose a settlement off the record. Learn what it means, when the protection applies, and what rights you keep.
8 min read · 21 Mar 2026
protected conversation at work · protected conversation · section 111A
There are three ways to settle an employment dispute: COT3, settlement agreement, or informal payment. Learn how each works and what rights you give up.
7 min read · 21 Mar 2026
types of employment settlement · settlement · COT3
A COT3 is a legally binding ACAS settlement that ends your employment tribunal claim. Learn what it includes, how it works, and what to consider before agreeing.
7 min read · 21 Mar 2026
COT3 agreement · COT3 · ACAS
Is an unfair dismissal claim worth it? Weigh up the compensation, time, stress, and settlement options. Most cases settle before a hearing.
7 min read · 16 Mar 2026
unfair dismissal worth pursuing · unfair dismissal is it worth it · unfair dismissal claim
There is no legal list of sackable offences in the UK. Learn the difference between misconduct and gross misconduct, and what makes a dismissal fair.
6 min read · 16 Mar 2026
sackable offences at work · sackable offences at work · serious misconduct examples
How to raise a grievance at work, what your employer must do, how long they have to respond, and what happens if they ignore it. UK employment law guide.
8 min read · 16 Mar 2026
grievance at work rights · grievance at work · raising a grievance
If your employer's conduct left you no choice but to resign, the law may treat it as a dismissal. Learn about constructive dismissal, your rights, and next steps.
7 min read · 16 Mar 2026
forced to resign rights · forced to resign · constructive dismissal
Can you be dismissed for gross misconduct on a first offence? Yes, but not automatically. Learn about mitigating circumstances, fair process, and your rights.
7 min read · 16 Mar 2026
gross misconduct first offence · gross misconduct first offence · gross misconduct mitigating circumstances
Dismissed for gross misconduct? Find out what pay you're still owed, how benefits work after summary dismissal, and your options if the process was unfair.
7 min read · 16 Mar 2026
gross misconduct pay and benefits · gross misconduct pay · sacked for gross misconduct
Around 79% of employment tribunal cases never reach a hearing. See the official data on settlement rates by claim type — updated with Q3 2025/26 figures and current backlog context.
7 min read · 3 Mar 2026
employment settlement statistics · settlement statistics · employment claim settle
Your employer cannot change your employment contract without your agreement. Learn when changes are lawful, what to do if one is imposed, and your legal options.
10 min read · 3 Mar 2026
employer changing contract · breach of contract · contract changes
Your employer changed your pay, hours, or dismissed you without notice. Find out what counts as breach of contract, what you can claim up to £25,000, and the 3-month time limit to act.
10 min read · 2 Mar 2026
employer breach of contract · breach of employment contract · employer breach of contract
10,424 single claims filed, up 61% year-on-year. Open caseload at 30,784 and clearance times continue to rise.
12 min read · 1 Mar 2026
Quarterly Snapshot · Employment Tribunal · Statistics
Not been paid? Learn how to claim unpaid wages in the UK. Covers unlawful deductions, time limits, ACAS, tribunal claims, and what evidence you need. No qualifying period required.
8 min read · 23 Feb 2026
unpaid wages claim · unpaid wages · unlawful deduction
Sacked without notice? You may have a wrongful dismissal claim. Learn when dismissal without notice is lawful, what compensation you can claim, and how to take action. No 2-year service needed.
9 min read · 23 Feb 2026
dismissed without notice rights · dismissed without notice · wrongful dismissal
Everything you need to know about notice periods at work. Covers statutory minimums (1 to 12 weeks), contractual notice, PILON, garden leave, sick pay during notice, and what happens if your employer breaks the rules.
9 min read · 23 Feb 2026
notice period rights · notice period · notice period rights
Working time claims reached 1,771 in Q3 2025/26, up 79% year-on-year. 79% win at hearing (highest of any claim type), 13% default judgment, 24% ACAS settle. Mean 29 weeks.
7 min read · 23 Feb 2026
working time tribunal outcomes · working time · holiday pay
What counts as gross misconduct at work? See common examples including theft, violence, and fraud — plus what doesn't qualify. Know your rights before a disciplinary hearing.
8 min read · 23 Feb 2026
gross misconduct examples · gross misconduct · gross misconduct examples
Been dismissed for gross misconduct? You still have rights. Learn what you keep, what you lose, how to challenge an unfair dismissal, and what to do next. UK guide.
9 min read · 23 Feb 2026
fired for gross misconduct rights · gross misconduct · fired for gross misconduct
Common constructive dismissal examples: unpaid wages, demotion, bullying, contract changes, and more. Learn the legal test, the 'last straw' principle, and how to build your case.
10 min read · 23 Feb 2026
constructive dismissal examples · constructive dismissal · constructive dismissal examples
Redundancy pay claims reached 639 in Q3 2025/26, up 65% year-on-year. 71% win at hearing, 15% default judgment (highest of any claim), 17% ACAS settle. Mean 30 weeks.
7 min read · 23 Feb 2026
redundancy pay tribunal outcomes · redundancy pay · statutory redundancy
Pregnancy discrimination claims reached 448 in Q3 2025/26, up 85% year-on-year. 41% ACAS settle (highest of any claim). 94% resolved without hearing. No qualifying service needed.
7 min read · 23 Feb 2026
pregnancy discrimination tribunal outcomes · pregnancy discrimination · maternity discrimination
Sex discrimination reached 1,294 in Q3 2025/26, up 59% year-on-year. 32% ACAS settle, 92% resolved without hearing. Mean 34 weeks.
7 min read · 23 Feb 2026
sex discrimination tribunal outcomes · sex discrimination · sexual harassment
Race discrimination reached 1,544 in Q3 2025/26, up 70% year-on-year. 31% ACAS settle, 25% win at hearing. 96% resolved without hearing. Mean 36 weeks — among the slowest.
8 min read · 23 Feb 2026
race discrimination tribunal outcomes · race discrimination · racial discrimination
Breach of contract fell 4.3% year-on-year to 1,822 claims in Q3 2025/26 — still the only declining major claim type. 53% win at hearing (highest of any claim type with Q3 data), 28% ACAS settle. Mean 34 weeks.
7 min read · 23 Feb 2026
breach of contract tribunal outcomes · breach of contract · wrongful dismissal
Unauthorised deductions from wages reached 2,908 in Q3 2025/26, up 77% year-on-year. 69% win at hearing, 13% default judgment, 25% ACAS settle. Mean 29 weeks — among the fastest.
7 min read · 23 Feb 2026
unpaid wages tribunal outcomes · unpaid wages · unauthorised deductions
Whistleblowing claims reached 1,796 in Q3 2025/26, up 102% year-on-year — more than doubled in twelve months. 30% settle via ACAS. 84% resolved without a hearing. The fastest-growing claim type in the tribunal system.
8 min read · 21 Feb 2026
whistleblowing tribunal outcomes · whistleblowing · public interest disclosure
Disability discrimination claims reached 3,481 in Q3 2025/26, up 99% year-on-year. 32% settle via ACAS. Of cases that reached a hearing, 20% succeeded. 95% are resolved without a hearing. Mean clearance time is now 34 weeks.
7 min read · 21 Feb 2026
disability discrimination outcomes data · disability discrimination · employment tribunal
Unfair dismissal is the most common tribunal claim, with 5,481 filed in Q3 2025/26, up 72% year-on-year. 32% settle via ACAS, 43% win at hearing. Mean wait time 33 weeks. Over 82% are resolved without a hearing.
7 min read · 21 Feb 2026
unfair dismissal outcomes data · unfair dismissal · employment tribunal
The tribunal backlog reached 30,784 single claims in Q3 2025/26, up 167% year-on-year. Mean clearance time has risen to 31 weeks — up from 19 weeks a year ago. The system adds over 5,500 cases to the backlog every quarter.
7 min read · 21 Feb 2026
employment tribunal waiting times · employment tribunal · tribunal waiting times
42.1% of claims decided at a final hearing succeeded in 2025/26, but 86.3% ended earlier. Real success rates by claim type from 48,548 tribunal rulings.
8 min read · 21 Feb 2026
employment tribunal outcomes success rates · employment tribunal success rate · tribunal outcomes
UK employment tribunal claims reached 10,424 in Q3 2025/26 (October to December 2025), up 61% year-on-year. The open caseload now stands at 30,784, up 167% in a year. Whistleblowing claims more than doubled. The system disposes of fewer than half the claims it receives.
6 min read · 21 Feb 2026
employment tribunal statistics 2025 · employment tribunal · tribunal statistics
Complete guide to ACAS early conciliation. Covers how the process works, time limits and clock-stop rules, what you can settle for, COT3 agreements, and when you need a solicitor.
10 min read · 21 Feb 2026
acas early conciliation · acas · early conciliation
Gross misconduct explained: what counts, the fair process employers must follow, and how to challenge a dismissal that skips the process or gets it wrong.
7 min read · 20 Feb 2026
gross misconduct meaning and rights · gross misconduct · gross misconduct meaning
What does 'without prejudice' mean at work? Learn how it protects settlement discussions, when it applies, and what to do if your employer uses it. Clear UK employment guide.
8 min read · 20 Feb 2026
without prejudice meaning at work · without prejudice · settlement agreement
Key facts about employment tribunal claims in the UK. Covers who can claim, time limits, ACAS early conciliation, the ET1 form, what happens at a hearing, possible outcomes, and how the Employment Rights Act 2025 changes the system.
14 min read · 7 Feb 2026
employment tribunal claims overview · employment tribunal · tribunal claim
The basic award for unfair dismissal is calculated using your age, complete years of service, and weekly gross pay (subject to a statutory cap). This guide explains how tribunals calculate the basic award, what can reduce it, how redundancy pay affects it, and how the Employment Rights Act 2025 fits into the picture.
10 min read · 6 Feb 2026
basic award for unfair dismissal · unfair dismissal · basic award
To prove unfair dismissal, you need evidence showing your employer lacked a legally fair reason or failed to follow a reasonable dismissal process. This guide explains what employment tribunals actually look for, how evidence is assessed, and how the Employment Rights Act 2025 affects unfair dismissal claims.
15 min read · 6 Feb 2026
how to prove unfair dismissal · unfair dismissal · employment tribunal
What could you get if you win an unfair dismissal claim? This guide explains the compensatory award in plain English — what it covers, how the cap works (£123,543 or 52 weeks' pay), and the common reasons tribunals reduce it.
15 min read · 6 Feb 2026
compensatory award unfair dismissal · compensatory award unfair dismissal · unfair dismissal compensation
Worried your dismissal was unfair? This guide explains unfair dismissal examples from real tribunal cases — showing what went wrong in common scenarios and what evidence mattered.
12 min read · 6 Feb 2026
unfair dismissal examples · unfair dismissal examples · unfair dismissal cases
Automatic unfair dismissal covers around 60 legally protected grounds where dismissal may be unlawful regardless of service length or process followed. This guide explains what automatic unfair dismissal is, lists every protected ground, shows how tribunals assess causation, and explains how Employment Rights Act 2025 changes strengthen these protections.
13 min read · 6 Feb 2026
automatic unfair dismissal grounds · automatic unfair dismissal · unfair dismissal grounds
Understand your whistleblowing rights under UK law. Learn what counts as a protected disclosure, who is protected, compensation (uncapped), time limits, and how to report wrongdoing safely.
8 min read · 28 Dec 2025
whistleblowing at work rights · whistleblowing · whistleblowing at work
Learn the 5 fair reasons for dismissal under UK law and what your employer must prove for each. Understand how to challenge capability, conduct, redundancy, statutory illegality, and SOSR dismissals.
6 min read · 28 Dec 2025
five fair reasons for dismissal · 5 fair reasons for dismissal · fair reasons for dismissal
Can you claim unfair dismissal with less than 2 years service? Yes, in some cases. Learn about automatically unfair dismissal, discrimination, wrongful dismissal, and the ERA 2025 changes.
6 min read · 28 Dec 2025
unfair dismissal under 2 years · unfair dismissal under 2 years · unfair dismissal less than 2 years
Understand the key differences between wrongful and unfair dismissal in the UK. Learn qualifying periods, time limits, compensation caps, and when you can claim both. Updated for ERA 2025.
9 min read · 28 Dec 2025
wrongful vs unfair dismissal · wrongful dismissal · unfair dismissal
Complete UK guide to automatic unfair dismissal. Learn which dismissals may be unlawful from day one (pregnancy, whistleblowing, health and safety, trade union), how to prove your case, compensation (including uncapped awards), interim relief, and time limits. Updated for ERA 2025.
12 min read · 28 Dec 2025
automatic unfair dismissal · automatic unfair dismissal · automatically unfair dismissal
Strike out rates range from 2-8% depending on claim type. The biggest reasons: not having 2 years' service for unfair dismissal (32%), not responding to the tribunal (14%), and not attending hearings (12.5%). Most strike outs are avoidable – responding to tribunal letters, meeting deadlines, and checking eligibility before you claim can protect your case.
9 min read · 10 Dec 2025
tribunal claims struck out · employment tribunal · strike out
Breach of contract occurs when your employer fails to honor employment agreement terms. Learn your rights, time limits, and what you can claim in UK employment law.
8 min read · 16 Nov 2025
breach of employment contract · breach of employment contract · employment contract
November 2025 analysis of MoJ Q2–Q4 2024/25 tribunal data — the pre–Royal Assent baseline on whether new rights meet a system that can deliver them. Current view: ERA 2025 and the backlog.
15 min read · 5 Nov 2025
Employment Rights · Employment Rights · Employment Tribunal
ChatGPT can harm your employment case. Learn the risks of generic AI, real tribunal failures, and safer alternatives for UK workplace disputes.
9 min read · 26 Oct 2025
ChatGPT risks in employment disputes · ChatGPT risks · AI employment law
Understanding your employment rights in the UK. Learn what affects your rights, key laws that protect you, and what to do if they're breached.
10 min read · 26 Oct 2025
employment rights overview · employment rights · worker rights
Missed the tribunal deadline? Check whether you are actually late, which of the two tests applies, and what tribunal data shows about extensions.
21 min read · 1 Aug 2025
missed employment tribunal deadline · employment tribunal · time limits
Don't miss your chance to claim. Learn tribunal deadlines, ACAS time limits, continuing acts, and what to do if time is running out. Clear guidance for UK workers.
9 min read · 1 Aug 2025
workplace tribunal deadlines · tribunal deadlines · time limits
Complete guide to constructive dismissal in the UK. Learn what counts as a fundamental breach, the legal test, time limits, compensation up to £123,543, and how ERA 2025 changes the rules from 2026-2027.
10 min read · 17 Jul 2025
constructive dismissal · constructive dismissal · employer breach
Complete guide to workplace grievances in the UK. Learn when to raise a grievance, what to include, ACAS Code requirements, tribunal considerations, and how ERA 2025 changes things from 2026.
10 min read · 6 Jul 2025
how to raise a grievance · grievance · grievance process
Facing workplace issues? Compare all your options from free advice to solicitors. See costs, pros & cons, plus how yerty can help you navigate.
8 min read · 30 Jun 2025
where to get help with work problems · employment help · ACAS
Complete UK guide to unfair dismissal. Learn the 2-year qualifying period (changing to 6 months in 2027), exceptions, compensation up to £123,543, time limits, and what to do if you've been dismissed. Updated for ERA 2025.
12 min read · 30 Jun 2025
unfair dismissal rights and next steps · unfair dismissal · dismissal rights
